![]() Nearly all eukaryotes studied to date possess a version of a specialized centromeric histone protein known as centromere protein A (CENP-A, also described as CENH3), which binds to centromeric DNA and replaces the histone H3 at the site of kinetochore assembly ( Earnshaw et al., 2013 McKinley and Cheeseman, 2016 Westhorpe et al., 2014). ![]() Centromere associated proteins are functionally conserved among eukaryote species ( Cheeseman and Desai, 2008 Pluta et al., 1995 Westermann et al., 2003). Thus, simple sequence requirements enable DNA from foreign sources to incorporate into the nuclear genome repertoire as stable extra-chromosomal episomes, revealing a potential mechanism for bacterial and foreign eukaryotic DNA acquisition.Ĭentromeres play a crucial role in the cellular biology of eukaryotes by acting as a genomic site for kinetochore formation and facilitating effective transmission of replicated nuclear DNA to new cells. Native and foreign sequences of similar GC content can maintain episomes and recruit the diatom centromeric histone protein CENP-A, suggesting non-native sequences can also function as diatom centromeres. Diatom centromere sequences contain low GC content regions and an abundance of long contiguous AT windows, but lack repeats or other conserved sequence features. We combined forward and reverse genetic approaches with chromatin immunoprecipitation to identify centromeres of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ![]() Centromeric proteins are conserved among eukaryotes however, centromeric DNA sequences are highly variable. Centromeres are essential for cell division and growth in all eukaryotes, and knowledge of their sequence and structure guides the development of artificial chromosomes for functional cellular biology studies. ![]()
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